Virus – Spinal Cord

The spinal cord includes sensory reception from the peripheral nervous system. It also conducts motor information which consist of the body’s skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves along the spinal cord. These nerves each contain both sensory and motor axons. The spinal cord is protected by vertebrae, and connects the peripheral nervous system to the brain, and it acts as a ‘minor’ coordinating center.

There are four main causes of infections of the central nervous system (CNS): bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoal.

NF1 (Neurofibromatosis type I)

NF-1 is a tumor disorder that is caused by the malfunction of a gene on chromosome 17, that is responsible for control of cell division. NF1 causes non cancerous lumps. NF2 often comes with scoliosis (curvature of the spine), cafe au lait spots, learning difficulties, eye problems and epilepsy.

Neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy is the term for damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system, which may be caused either by diseases of the nerve or from the side-effects of systemic illness.
The four cardinal patterns of peripheral neuropathy are polyneuropathy, mononeuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex and autonomic neuropathy. The most common form is (symmetrical) peripheral polyneuropathy, which mainly affects the feet and legs. The form of neuropathy may be further broken down by cause, or the size of predominant fiber involvement, i.e., large fiber or small fiber peripheral neuropathy. Frequently the cause of a neuropathy cannot be identified and it is designated idiopathic.

Hiccups

A hiccup or hiccough is an esophageal contraction of the diaphragm that repeats several times per minute. In humans, the abrupt rush of air into the lungs causes the epiglottis to close, creating a “hic” sound.

In medicine it is known as synchronous diaphragmatic flutter (SDF), or singultus, from the Latin singult, “the act of catching one’s breath while sobbing”. The hiccup is an involuntary action involving a reflex arc.

A bout of hiccups, in general, resolves itself without intervention, although many home remedies claim to shorten the duration, and medical treatment is occasionally necessary in cases of chronic hiccups.

Acoustic neuroma

An acoustic neuroma, correctly called a vestibular schwannoma, is a benign primary intracranial tumor of the myelin-forming cells of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).