Folliculitis

Folliculitis is the inflammation of one or more hair follicles. The condition may occur anywhere on the skin.

Causes

Most carbuncles, furuncles, and other cases of folliculitis develop from Staphylococcus aureus.

Folliculitis starts when hair follicles are damaged by friction from clothing, an insect bite,[citation needed] blockage of the follicle, shaving or too tight braids too close to the scalp traction folliculitis. In most cases of folliculitis, the damaged follicles are then infected with the bacteria Staphylococcus (staph).

Iron deficiency anemia is sometimes associated with chronic cases.

• Tinea barbae is similar to barber's itch, but the infection is caused by the fungus T. rubrum.
• Malassezia folliculitis, formerly known as Pityrosporum folliculitis, is caused by yeasts (fungii) of the genus Malassezia.
• Pseudofolliculitis barbae is a disorder occurring hair curves back into the skin and cause inflammation.
• Hot tub folliculitis is caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa often found in new hot tubs. The folliculitis usually occurs after sitting in a hot tub that was not properly cleaned before use. Symptoms are found around the body parts that sit in the hot tub — typically the legs, hips, and buttocks and surrounding areas. Symptoms are typically amplified around regions that were covered by wet clothing, such as bathing suits.
• Sycosis vulgaris, Sycosis barbae or Barber's itch is a staphylococcus infection of the hair follicles in the bearded area of the face, usually the upper lip. Shaving aggravates the condition.
• Eosinophilic folliculitis may appear in persons with impaired immune systems.
• Herpetic folliculitis may occur when Herpes Simplex Virus infection spreads to nearby hair follicles – mostly around the mouth.
• Gram negative folliculitis may appear after prolonged acne treatment with antibiotics.
• Folliculitis decalvans or tufted folliculitis usually affects scalp. Several hairs arise from the same hair follicle. Scarring and permanent hair loss may follow. The cause is unknown.
• Folliculitis keloidalis scarring on the nape of the neck, most common among males of curly hair.
• Oil folliculitis is inflammation of hair follicles due to exposure to various oils and typically occurs on forearms or thighs. It is common in refinery workers, road workers, mechanics, sheep shearers. Even makeup may cause it.
• Malignancy malignancy may also be represented by recalcitrant cases.

Symptoms

• rash (reddened skin area)
• pimples or pustules located around a hair follicle may crust over, typically occur on neck, axilla, or groin area and may be present as genital lesions
• itching skin
• spreading from leg to arm to body through improper treatment of antibiotics

Treatment

1. Topical antiseptic treatment is adequate for most cases
2. Topical antibiotics such as mupirocin or neomycin containing ointment
3. Some patients may benefit from systemic narrow-spectrum penicillinase-resistant penicillins (such as dicloxacillin in US, or flucloxacillin in UK)